WILDFIRE SUPPRESSION · SWARM OPERATIONS

FIRE SWARM

Six Peregrine aircraft. One coordinated drop. A 1,000-foot continuous retardant barrier — delivered in a single pass, without a runway, without a pilot.

THE COVERAGE PROBLEM

CONVENTIONAL AIR TANKERS CAN'T BE EVERYWHERE

A C-130 MAFFS delivers 3,000 gallons per sortie — but it needs a 6,000-foot runway, costs $40,000 per flight hour, and takes 45 minutes to reload. When a fire crowns in a remote canyon at 2 AM, the tanker base is 200 miles away and the runway is closed.

The Peregrine Fire Swarm operates from any flat clearing. No runway. No fuel truck. No crew rest requirements. A six-aircraft swarm delivers 10,000 lb of retardant per coordinated pass and reloads from a tanker truck in 8 minutes — continuously, through the night, at the fire's edge.

$40K
C-130 MAFFS Cost
per flight hour
~$4K
Peregrine Swarm Cost
per flight hour (6 aircraft)
6,000 ft
C-130 Runway Required
paved, lighted
60 ft
Peregrine LZ Required
any flat clearing
45 min
C-130 Reload Time
at tanker base
8 min
Peregrine Reload Time
gravity fill, tanker truck
Limited
C-130 Night Ops
crew rest, visibility
Full
Peregrine Night Ops
autonomous, 24/7
THREE-LAYER ARCHITECTURE

HOW THE SWARM WORKS

The Fire Swarm uses a three-layer control architecture. Each layer is independently functional — the swarm degrades gracefully if any single layer is disrupted.

LAYER 01

Individual Aircraft Autonomy

ArduPilot / PX4

Each Peregrine navigates its assigned waypoint sequence, manages its own flight envelope (VRS protection, conversion corridor limits, icing detection), and executes its drop command independently. This layer requires no inter-aircraft communication — each aircraft can complete its mission even if the swarm network fails.

  • Waypoint navigation
  • Flight envelope protection
  • Autonomous drop execution
  • Return-to-base on fault
LAYER 02

Swarm Mission Management

QGroundControl + MAVLink

A single ground operator manages the swarm as a fleet — assigning drop zones, sequencing sorties, monitoring aircraft health, and adjusting the racetrack pattern as the fire line moves. The operator does not fly individual aircraft. The GCS handles all routing and conflict deconfliction automatically.

  • Fleet-level mission assignment
  • Automatic conflict deconfliction
  • Real-time fire line tracking
  • Single-operator control
LAYER 03

Coordinated Drop Timing

GPS-synchronized MAVLink

For maximum effectiveness, all aircraft in the swarm drop simultaneously along the fire line, creating a continuous retardant barrier rather than isolated wet spots. GPS-synchronized drop commands achieve < 1-second timing accuracy across all aircraft. Drop spacing is 200 ft between aircraft, creating a 1,000-ft barrier per 6-aircraft pass.

  • < 1-sec timing accuracy
  • 200 ft drop spacing
  • 1,000 ft barrier per pass
  • Simultaneous multi-aircraft drop

6-AIRCRAFT RACETRACK PATTERN

The racetrack pattern keeps three aircraft inbound to the fire line at all times while three return to the reload point. This maintains continuous suppression coverage with no gap between passes.

Inbound (3 aircraft) — Transit at 130 KTAS, descend to drop altitude
Synchronized drop — All 3 drop simultaneously — 1,000 ft barrier, < 1-sec timing
Egress & reload (3 aircraft) — Return to FOB, gravity-fill in 8 min, return to pattern
Cycle time — 12–15 min between passes on the same fire line segment
10,000 lb
Retardant per pass
6 aircraft × 1,670 lb
1,000 ft
Barrier length
per synchronized drop
12–15 min
Cycle time
continuous coverage
8 min
Reload time
gravity fill, tanker truck
GOVERNMENT PARTNERSHIP

REGULATORY & PARTNERSHIP PATH

Swarm operations at this scale require a Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA) from the FAA, or operation under a federal agency authorization. The USFS and CAL FIRE are the right government partners for a swarm demonstration — both have active UAS integration programs and existing authority to authorize operations in active fire areas.

USFS
U.S. Forest Service

Active UAS integration program. Existing authority to authorize operations in National Forest fire areas. Primary target for Phase 1 demonstration partnership.

TARGET PARTNER
CAL FIRE
California Dept. of Forestry

Largest state wildfire agency. Operates 23 air attack bases statewide. Existing tanker truck infrastructure at each base is directly compatible with Peregrine gravity-fill reload.

TARGET PARTNER
FAA
FAA COA / BVLOS Waiver

Part 107 does not cover swarm operations at this scale. A COA or BVLOS waiver is required. FAA has approved similar waivers for pipeline inspection and precision agriculture swarms.

REGULATORY PATH

READY TO FIGHT FIRE WITH FIRE?

Contact Helix to discuss a Fire Swarm demonstration partnership with your agency.